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gc_pwl_func_c.c
/* Copyright 2023, Gurobi Optimization, LLC
This example considers the following nonconvex nonlinear problem
maximize 2 x + y
subject to exp(x) + 4 sqrt(y) <= 9
x, y >= 0
We show you two approaches to solve this:
1) Use a piecewise-linear approach to handle general function
constraints (such as exp and sqrt).
a) Add two variables
u = exp(x)
v = sqrt(y)
b) Compute points (x, u) of u = exp(x) for some step length (e.g., x
= 0, 1e-3, 2e-3, ..., xmax) and points (y, v) of v = sqrt(y) for
some step length (e.g., y = 0, 1e-3, 2e-3, ..., ymax). We need to
compute xmax and ymax (which is easy for this example, but this
does not hold in general).
c) Use the points to add two general constraints of type
piecewise-linear.
2) Use the Gurobis built-in general function constraints directly (EXP
and POW). Here, we do not need to compute the points and the maximal
possible values, which will be done internally by Gurobi. In this
approach, we show how to "zoom in" on the optimal solution and
tighten tolerances to improve the solution quality.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "gurobi_c.h"
static double f(double u) { return exp(u); }
static double g(double u) { return sqrt(u); }
static int
printsol(GRBmodel *m)
{
double x[4];
double vio;
int error = 0;
error = GRBgetdblattrarray(m, "X", 0, 4, x);
if (error) goto QUIT;
printf("x = %g, u = %g\n", x[0], x[2]);
printf("y = %g, v = %g\n", x[1], x[3]);
/* Calculate violation of exp(x) + 4 sqrt(y) <= 9 */
vio = f(x[0]) + 4*g(x[1]) - 9;
if (vio < 0.0) vio = 0.0;
printf("Vio = %g\n", vio);
QUIT:
return error;
}
int
main(int argc,
char *argv[])
{
GRBenv *env = NULL;
GRBmodel *model = NULL;
int error = 0;
double lb, ub;
int i, len;
double intv = 1e-3;
double xmax, ymax, t;
int ind[2];
double val[2];
double x[4];
double *xpts = NULL;
double *ypts = NULL;
double *vpts = NULL;
double *upts = NULL;
/* Create environment */
error = GRBloadenv(&env, NULL);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Create a new model */
error = GRBnewmodel(env, &model, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Add variables */
lb = 0.0; ub = GRB_INFINITY;
error = GRBaddvar(model, 0, NULL, NULL, 2.0, lb, ub, GRB_CONTINUOUS, "x");
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBaddvar(model, 0, NULL, NULL, 1.0, lb, ub, GRB_CONTINUOUS, "y");
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBaddvar(model, 0, NULL, NULL, 0.0, lb, ub, GRB_CONTINUOUS, "u");
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBaddvar(model, 0, NULL, NULL, 0.0, lb, ub, GRB_CONTINUOUS, "v");
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Change objective sense to maximization */
error = GRBsetintattr(model, GRB_INT_ATTR_MODELSENSE, GRB_MAXIMIZE);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Add linear constraint: u + 4*v <= 9 */
ind[0] = 2; ind[1] = 3;
val[0] = 1; val[1] = 4;
error = GRBaddconstr(model, 2, ind, val, GRB_LESS_EQUAL, 9.0, "c1");
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Approach 1) PWL constraint approach */
xmax = log(9.0);
len = (int) ceil(xmax/intv) + 1;
xpts = (double *) malloc(len*sizeof(double));
upts = (double *) malloc(len*sizeof(double));
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
xpts[i] = i*intv;
upts[i] = f(i*intv);
}
error = GRBaddgenconstrPWL(model, "gc1", 0, 2, len, xpts, upts);
if (error) goto QUIT;
ymax = (9.0/4.0)*(9.0/4.0);
len = (int) ceil(ymax/intv) + 1;
ypts = (double *) malloc(len*sizeof(double));
vpts = (double *) malloc(len*sizeof(double));
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
ypts[i] = i*intv;
vpts[i] = g(i*intv);
}
error = GRBaddgenconstrPWL(model, "gc2", 1, 3, len, ypts, vpts);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Optimize the model and print solution */
error = GRBoptimize(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = printsol(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Approach 2) General function constraint approach with auto PWL
* translation by Gurobi
*/
/* restore unsolved state and get rid of PWL constraints */
error = GRBresetmodel(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
ind[0] = 0; ind[1] = 1;
error = GRBdelgenconstrs(model, 2, ind);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBupdatemodel(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBaddgenconstrExp(model, "gcf1", 0, 2, NULL);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBaddgenconstrPow(model, "gcf2", 1, 3, 0.5, NULL);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBsetdblparam(GRBgetenv(model), "FuncPieceLength", 1e-3);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Optimize the model and print solution */
error = GRBoptimize(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = printsol(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Zoom in, use optimal solution to reduce the ranges and use a smaller
* pclen=1e-5 to solve it
*/
error = GRBgetdblattrarray(model, "X", 0, 4, x);
if (error) goto QUIT;
t = x[0] - 0.01;
if (t < 0.0) t = 0.0;
error = GRBsetdblattrelement(model, "LB", 0, t);
if (error) goto QUIT;
t = x[1] - 0.01;
if (t < 0.0) t = 0.0;
error = GRBsetdblattrelement(model, "LB", 1, t);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBsetdblattrelement(model, "UB", 0, x[0]+0.01);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBsetdblattrelement(model, "UB", 1, x[1]+0.01);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBupdatemodel(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBresetmodel(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = GRBsetdblparam(GRBgetenv(model), "FuncPieceLength", 1e-5);
if (error) goto QUIT;
/* Optimize the model and print solution */
error = GRBoptimize(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
error = printsol(model);
if (error) goto QUIT;
QUIT:
if (error) {
printf("ERROR: %s\n", GRBgeterrormsg(env));
exit(1);
}
/* Free data */
if (xpts) free(xpts);
if (ypts) free(ypts);
if (upts) free(upts);
if (vpts) free(vpts);
/* Free model */
GRBfreemodel(model);
/* Free environment */
GRBfreeenv(env);
return 0;
}
